BIBLIOGRAPHY

Bibliography

Academic literature

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Arendse, L. 2020. Slowly but surely: The substantive approach to the right to basic education of the South African courts post-Juma Musjid. African Human Rights Law Journal, 20(1):285-314. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1996-2096/2020/v20n1a11.

Bayat, A., Kholi, N., & Madyibi, S. 2024.Grade repetition, school drop-out and ineffective school policy. Journal of Education, 9(1):81-93.

Bayat, A., Louw, W., & Rena, R. 2014. Investigating the Confluence of Factors Impacting on Underperformance at Selected Secondary Schools in the Western Cape, South Africa. International Journal of Educational Sciences, 7(1):41-55.

Chipangura, B. 2023. Infrastructure, human capital, and online teaching during the Covid-19 disruptions: Teachers’ experiences at five South African private schools. The African Journal of Information and Communication, 32:1-17.

Corruption Watch. 2022. Corruption still afflicts SA’s education sector, says new CW report. https://www.corruptionwatch.org.za/corruption-continues-to-afflict-sas-education-sector-says-new-cw-report/#:~:text=Getting%20your%20Trinity%20Audio%20player,from%20primary%20to%20tertiary%20level. (accessed 24 February 2026).

Doust, A.R., Khan,W.A., Husain, A., Al-Ghafri, M. 2022 The relationship between schools; infrastructure and teaching-learning process with students’ mathematics achievements. Ife PsychologIA: An International Journal, 30(1):13-23.

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FEDSAS, 2025. FEDSAS: Provincial education departments have a failure rate of 66% for payments to schools. edsas.org.za/Media/Article/fedsas-provincial-education-departments-have-a-failure-rate-of-66-for-payments-to-schools-202511211059#:~:text=FEDSAS:%20Provincial%20education%20departments%20have,heads%20of%20education%20and%20officials. (accessed on 26 February 2026).

Kamga, S.D. 2017. The Right to a Basic Education. In: Boezaart, T. ed. Child Law in South Africa. 2nd ed. Lansdowne:Juta. Pp. 517-533.

Kanyopa, T.J., & Chibaya, S. 2025. Conceptual Analysis of the Basic Education Laws Amendment Act and Its Implications for Diversity and Inclusion. Journal of Posthumanism, 5(7):1904-1915.

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Kibert, E. & Fombard, C. 2017. Transformative Constitutionalism and the Adjudication of Constitutional Rights in Africa. African Human Rights Law Journal, 17(2):209-234.

Kemp, G. 2023. From Apartheid to Democracy in South Africa. In: I. Czeguhn, I. & Thiessen J., eds., Dictatorship, Democracy, and Transitional Justice in Global Legal History. Duncker & Humblot GmbH. pp. 153–176.Available at http://www.jstor.org/stable/jj.22362037.12 Accessed 28 January 2026.

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Kruger, J.H.C. 2021. Management and governance decentralisation in public schools: principals’ perspectives pn recentralised decentralisation. Unpublished PhD thesis. Pretoria: University of Pretoria.

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Liebenberg, S. 2016. Remedial Principles and Meaningful Engagement in Education Rights Disputes. Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal, 19:1-43.

Liebenberg, 2022. The Art of the (Im)possible? Justice Froneman’s Contribution to Designing Remedies for Structural Human Rights Violations. Constitutional Court Review, 12:137-170.

Maistry, A. & Van Schalkwyk, C. 2024. Litigating the right to a basic education for undocumented children in South Africa: The role of the courts in advancing access to schools. African Human Rights Journal, 24(1):229-263.

Malematja, S. 2025. The Right to Basic Education for Children with Disabilities: South Africa’s Quest for an Inclusive System. Southern African Public Law, 40(1):1-30.

Mbatha & Abraham, 2024. Five months without pay for Deaf and hearing employees at Eastern Cape Special Schools. https://www.sadtu.org.za/2024/five-months-without-pay-for-deaf-and-hearing-employees-at-eastern-cape-special-schools/ (accessed on 26 February 2026).

McConnachie, C., Skelton, A. & McConnachie, C. 2022. The Constitution and the Right to a Basic Education. In: Veriava, F., Thom, A. and Hodgson, T.F. eds., (2017). Basic Education Rights Handbook Johannesburg: SECTION27. pp.12-37. https://section27.org.za/basic-education-rights/Basic%20Education%20Handbook%20-%20Chapter%201.pdf . (Accessed on 29 January 2026).

Metlerkamp, T. 2023. International study shows most Grade 4s in South Africa cannot read for meaning. Daily Maveric, 16 May. https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2023-05-16-international-study-shows-81-of-grade-4s-in-south-africa-cannot-read-for-meaning/ (Accessed on 26 January 2026).

Mokgwathi, M.S., Graham, M.A., & De Villiers, J.J.R. 2023. School infrastructure challenges in South Africa: Experiences of high school principals and teachers. South African Journal of Education, 43(4):1-13.

Mulaudzi, L., Reyneke, M. & Gcelu, N. 2024. Evaluating the South African School Nutrition Programme during school breaks against the core principles and the right to education the Convention on the rights of the child. Cogent Social Sciences, 10(1):1-17. doi: 10.1080/23311886.2023.2290692.

Govender, P. 2025. Gauteng education departments suspends filling 496 posts amid budget constraints. News24. https://www.news24.com/southafrica/education/gauteng-education-department-suspends-filling-496-posts-amid-budget-constraints-20251204-0546 (accessed 26 February 2026).

Govender, P. 2025. KZN, Mpumalanga, Northern Cape slammed for underfunding over 4.25 million pupils by 2.5bn. News24. https://www.news24.com/southafrica/education/kzn-mpumalanga-northern-cape-slammed-for-underfunding-over-425-million-pupils-by-r25bn-20250526-1107. (accessed 26 February 2026).

Mulaudzi, L., Reyneke, M. & Gcelu, N. 2025. Evaluating the South African national school nutrition programme guidelines: Insights on general guidelines and provisions for school holidays.South African Journal of Education, 45(3):1-17.

Mupangavanhu, Y. 2024. Copyright law and human rights: Blind SA v Minister of Trade, Industry and Competition and its potentially far-reaching implications. South African Journal on Human Rights, 40(3-4):313-326.

Ncala, M. 2022. Sound the Alarm. Corruption in the Education Sector. Johannesburg:Corruption Watch. Also available at https://www.corruptionwatch.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Sound-the-Alarm-Sectoral-Report-Education_Aug2022.pdf. (accessed 24 February 2026).

Ncube, C.B. & Samtani, S. 2023. Copyright, Disability Rights, and the Constitution: Blind SA SA v Minister of Trade, Industry and Competition. Constitutional Court Review, 13:471-503.

Nhlapo, V.A., Marais-Botha, R., & Botha, W. 2023. Using (or not using) technology to enhance teaching and learning in historically disadvantaged school communities in South Africa. Journal of Educational Leadership and Management, 3(1):43-54.

Noutchie, S.C.O., 2025. Reforming basic education in South Africa: Socio-political implications of the BELA Bill. International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science, 14(4):440-448.

Ntanzi, H. 2026. Hawks making sweeping arrests in Mpumalanga education fraud scandal. IOL 23 February 2026. https://iol.co.za/news/crime-and-courts/2026-02-22-hawks-make-sweeping-arrests-in-mpumalanga-education-fraud-scandal/ (accessed on 24 February 2026)

‘Nyane, H., 2024. The challenges of litigating the right to basic education in South Africa: Is the right realisable immediately or subject to resource limitation? Journal for Juridical Science, 49(3):46-69.

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Oosthuizen, I.J., & Van der Walt, J.L. 2024. Basic principles and legal perspectives on the Basic Education Laws Amendment Bill – BELA (2021). Journal for Christian Scholarship,60(3-4):47-62.Reyneke, R.P., 2024. The Role of Social Services in Realising Children’s Rights in and through Education. Education as Change, 28(1):1-23.

Roux, T. 2018. Beyond Rivonia: Transformative constitutionalism and the public education system. Speculum Juris, 32(2):163-182.

Sayed, Y. 1999. Discourses of the policy of educational decentralisation in South Africa since 1994: An examination of the South African Schools Act, A Journal of Comparative and International Education, 29(2): 141-152.

Sayed, Y 2002. Democratising education in a decentralised system: South African policy and practice. Compare, 32(1):35-46.

Shai, I. 2019. The right to development, transformative constitutionalism and radical transformation in South Africa: Post-colonial and de-colonial reflection. African Human Rights Law Journal, 19(1):494-509.

Simbo, C. 2013. The right to basic education, the South African Constitution and the Juma Musjid case: An unqualified human right and a minimum core standard. Law, Democracy and Development, 17:477-503.

Smit, M. and Oosthuizen, I. 2011. Improving school governance through participative democracy and the law. South African Journal of Education, 31(1):55-73.

South African Human Rights Commission (SAHRC). 2023. School infrastructure North West Inquiry Report. Johannesburg: South African Human Rights Commission. https://www.sahrc.org.za/home/21/files/Schools%20Infrastructure%20Inquiry%20Report.pdf#:~:text=Through%20its%20report%2C%20the%20Commission,the%20rights%20in%20the%20Constitution. (Accessed: 23 January 2026).

South African Human Rights Commission (SAHRC). 2026. Scholar Transport. Final Inquiry Report. Johannesburg: South African Human Rights Commission. https://www.sahrc.org.za/index.php/publications/591-north-west-scholar-transport-report/viewdocument/591. (Accessed: 26 January 2026).Soudien, C. 2023. Race, Class and the Democratic Project in Contemporary South African Education: Working and Reworking the law. Education Policy Analyss, 31(105):1-19.

Swanepoel, P. 2017. The potential of structural interdicts to constitute effective relief in socio-economic rights cases. Unpublished LLM dissertation. Stellenbosch: Stellenbosch University.

Tigere, M.T. & Netshitangani, T. 2022. School Management teams’ perceptions of ICT integration in township and rural secondary schools in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: infrastructure challenges. Gender and Behaviour, 20(3):20022-20041.

Van der Berg, S. 2017. A Capabilities Approach to the Adjudication of the Right to a Basic Education in South Africa. Journal of Human Development and Capabilities, 18(4):497-516.

Van Wyk, S., Wills, G., Selkirk, R., Adams, C., & Van Wyk, C. 2019. The cost of repetition in South Africa’ Stellenbosch Economic Working Paper: WP13/2019. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3505854 (Accessed on 26 January 2026).

Veriava, F. 2024. The Basic Educations Laws Amendment Bill: A case study in transformative constitutionalism beyond the courts. African Human Rights Law Journal, 24(1):153-178.

Veriava, F. & Harding, M. 2023. The Komape litigation – ensuring effective remedies De Jure Journal. 56(1):505-524.

Veriava, F. and Skelton A. 2019. The right to basic education: a comparative study of the United States, India and Brazil. South African Journal on Human Rights, 35(1):1-24.

Walton, E. 2018. Teacher beliefs about grade repetition: An exploratory South African Study’ Citizenship Teaching & Learning, 13(1):45-60.

Weber, E. 2002. An ambiguous, contested terrain: governance models for the new South African education system. International Journal of Educational Development, 22:617-635.

Workman, M. 2023. Our education system is failing and crime and corruption are a major part of the problem. Daily Maverick. 16 January 2023. https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/opinionista/2023-01-16-our-failing-education-system-the-big-problem-of-crime-corruption/ (accessed 24 February 2026).

Yassim, K. 2025. Jobs-for-cash corruption continues to poison South Africa’s education system. Daily Maverick 10 September. https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/opinionista/2025-09-10-jobs-for-cash-corruption-continues-to-poison-south-africas-education-system/ (accessed 24 February 2026)

International law

Organisation of African Unity (OAU), 1981. African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights (“Banjul Charter”). CAB/LEG/67/3 rev.5, 21 I.L.M. (1982). https://au.int/en/treaties/african-charter-human-and-peoples-rights. Adopted 27 June 1981, entered into force 21 October 1986.

Organisation of African Unity (OAU), 1990. African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child. OAU Doc. CAB/LEG/24.9/49. https://au.int/sites/default/files/treaties/36804-treaty-african_charter_on_rights_welfare_of_the_child.pdf Adopted 11 July 1990, entered into force 29 November 1999.

Marrakesh Treaty to facilitate Access to published Works for Persons Who are Blind, Visually Impaired, or Otherwise Print disabled (2013). Adopted 27 June 2013. https://www.wipo.int/wipolex/en/text/301016 [Accessed 19 January 2026].

UNESCO, 1960. Convention against Discrimination in Education. United Nations, Treaty Series, vol 429, p. 93. https://www.ohchr.org/en/instruments-mechanisms/instruments/convention-against-discrimination-education. Adopted 14 December 1960, entered into force 22 May 1962.

UN General Assembly, 1948. Universal Declaration of Human Rights. 10 December 1948, 217 A (III). https://www.un.org/en/about-us/universal-declaration-of-human-rights

UN General Assembly, 1966. International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. United Nations, Treaty Series, vol 993, p.3. Adopted 16 December 1966 entered into force 3 January 1976. https://www.ohchr.org/en/instruments-mechanisms/instruments/international-covenant-economic-social-and-cultural-rights

UN General Assembly, 1989. Convention on the Rights of the Child. United Nations, Treaty Series, vol 1577, p.3. https://www.ohchr.org/en/instruments-mechanisms/instruments/convention-rights-child. Adopted 20 November 1989, entered into force 2 September 1990.

Policy documents

Department of Basic Education (DBE). ASIDI Disbursement, Professional and Management Fee Policy and Procedure, 2015:1-5. Pretoria:Department of Basic Education. https://www.education.gov.za/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=8NHKXITJe3Y%3d&tabid=390&portalid=0&mid=1124 (accessed 26 February).

Department of Basic Education (DBE). Policy on Home Education. 2018:1-18. Pretoria:Department of Basic Education. https://www.education.gov.za/Portals/0/Documents/Policies/Policy%20on%20Home%20Education%2020182.pdf?ver=2020-01-14-101505-297 (accessed 26 February 2026).

Department of Basic Education (DBE). Education Privacy Policy, 2023:1-9. Pretoria:Department of Basic Education. https://www.education.gov.za/Resources/Policies.aspx?utm_source (accessed 26 February 2026).

Regulations

Department of Basic Education (DBE) South Africa. 2013. Regulations relating to minimum uniform norms and standards for public school infrastructure (Norms and Standards for School Infrastructure) . (Regulation Notice R 920). Government Gazette, 37081:1-32, 29 November.

Department of Basic Education (DBE) South Africa. 2025. Admission of Learners to Public Schools Regulations (Admission of Learners). (Notice 3415). Government Gazette, 53119:3-21, 6 August.

Department of Basic Education (DBE) South Africa. 2025. Regulations on Minimum Uniform Norms and Standards for Capacity of Ordinary Public Schools (Capacity of Public Schools). (Notice 3416). Government Gazette, 53120:3-21, 6 August.

Policies

Department of Basic Education (DBE) South Africa. 2011. National policy pertaining to the programme and promotion requirements of the National Curriculum Statement Grades R -12. (Government Notices 722 and 723). Government Gazette 34600:

Department of Transport South Africa. 2015. National Learner Transport Policy. (Government Notice 997). Government Gazette 39214:4-28, 23 October.

White Papers

South Africa. Department of Education (DoE). 1995. White Paper on Education and Training. Pretoria: Department of Education.

South Africa. Department of Education (DoE). 1996. Education White Paper 2: The Organisation, Governance and Funding of Schools. Pretoria: Department of Education.

South Africa. Department of Education (DoE). 2001. Education White Paper 5: Early Childhood Education. Pretoria: Department of Education.

South Africa. Department of Education (DoE).. 2001 Education White Paper 6: Special needs education: building an inclusive education and training system. Pretoria: Department of Education.